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Black Death in 14th Century London
When London was hit by a combined attack of pneumonic and bubonic plague, it was called the Black Death.
Robert of Avesbury says: Those marked for death scarcely lived longer than three or four days. It (the plague) showed favor to no one, except a very few of the wealthy. On the same day, 20, 40 or 60 bodies, and sometimes many more, might be committed for burial together in the same pit.
Two ex-Chancellors and three Archbishops of Canterbury all died in quick succession. A large black slab in the southern cloister of Westminster Abbey covers the remains of the Abbot of Westminster and 27 of his monks who were also taken by the plague.
It raged in London until spring 1350, and is assumed to have killed between one third and one half of the populace.
In October 2012, construction of a multi-million-pound leisure center in Elephant and Castle was suspended after the discovery of 500 skeletons. They were in crypts, some of which dated back to before the Black Death in the 1300s.
Black Death facts
Click This Link To Learn More About The Black Death:
https://www.britainexpress.com/History/medieval/black-death.htm
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| London lost nearly one-third of its population during the Black Death of the 14th century |
Robert of Avesbury says: Those marked for death scarcely lived longer than three or four days. It (the plague) showed favor to no one, except a very few of the wealthy. On the same day, 20, 40 or 60 bodies, and sometimes many more, might be committed for burial together in the same pit.
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| Map of regions plagued with Black Death |
Two ex-Chancellors and three Archbishops of Canterbury all died in quick succession. A large black slab in the southern cloister of Westminster Abbey covers the remains of the Abbot of Westminster and 27 of his monks who were also taken by the plague.
It raged in London until spring 1350, and is assumed to have killed between one third and one half of the populace.
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| Skeletons found in London |
March 2013: Workers on The Crossrail project have discovered a mass grave thought to contain the bodies of Londoners who died from the Black Plague.
This isn't the first time a large number of skeletons has been discovered during building work in the capital.
In October 2012, construction of a multi-million-pound leisure center in Elephant and Castle was suspended after the discovery of 500 skeletons. They were in crypts, some of which dated back to before the Black Death in the 1300s.
Black Death facts
- The Black Death struck London in the autumn of 1348
- During the next 18 months, it killed half of all Londoners – perhaps 40,000 people
- Most experts believe that it was bubonic plague
- Symptoms included headaches, fever, vomiting, painful swellings on the neck, armpits and groin (buboes), blisters and bruises, coughing up blood
- There were so many dead that Londoners had to dig mass graves. In some of the trenches, the bodies were piled on top of each other, up to five deep. Children’s bodies were placed in the small spaces between adults
- Many people have heard of the Black Death of 1348 and the Great Plague of 1665. However, it is less well-known that these famous outbreaks are only two of nearly 40 that London suffered between 1348 and 1665
- A major outbreak of the disease struck roughly every 20-30 years, killing around 20% of London’s population each time. There were lesser outbreaks in-between the major ones and sometimes the disease could continue for several years in a less serious form
- The term ‘Black Death’ was first used in the 1800s. Medieval people called the disease the ‘Great Pestilence’
- The plague lingered until the last reported case in 1679
- The plague still exists today in countries like India and the United States
Click This Link To Learn More About The Black Death:
https://www.britainexpress.com/History/medieval/black-death.htm
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Facts and Myths About Carrots
Orange-colored fruits and vegetables are rich in beta-carotene, which is converted to Vitamin A. When you eat a lot of foods containing beta-carotene, not all is converted to Vitamin A. Some is used in the bloodstream.
However, it is no lie that if you eat orange-colored foods for a long time - whether it is a fad diet or because you suddenly love orange-colored foods - your nose, palms and soles of your feet WILL turn slightly orange in color. But if you binge on orange-colored foods, your eyes will likely be normal. Binge eating affects all of your skin so that you will look like you fell asleep on a tanning bed.
Tapering down or cutting out the orange foods will return skin to normal color.
It is true that food is the best source to get your vitamins, but when it comes to beta-carotene, you might do better taking a supplement because a plate of orange-colored foods is not as appetizing as you may think. You also can't control how much beta carotene you are getting in foods the way you can by taking a supplement.
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| Carrots have an antioxidant called beta-carotene
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Foods That Will Make Your Hair Grow
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| Foods that help hair to grow faster |
Salmon
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| Salmon can help hair growth |
Yellow Peppers
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| Yellow Peppers have antioxidants |
Yellow bell peppers have nearly 6 times more vitamin C than oranges (341 milligrams, as opposed to 63). Vitamin C is an antioxidant that strengthens the hair shaft and hair follicles and prevents breakage.
Oysters
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| Oysters have zinc |
Eggs
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| Eggs contain biotin |
Sunflower Seeds
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| Sunflower seeds have Vitamin E |
Just a handful of sunflower seeds will give you a day's supply of Vitamin E, which will enhance blood flow to the scalp and promote faster hair growth.
Sweet Potatoes
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| Sweet Potatoes are high in Vitamin A |
Avocados
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| Avocados have fatty acids |
Avocados have essential fatty acids that are normally found in skin cells which keep your skin smooth and supple. Avocados are hyped as a beauty secret and added to nearly everything we use but namely in skin creams, shampoos, rinses, conditioners, and scalp treatments.
Recipe: Mix avocados with sour cream, apply to hair and scalp, leave on for 10 minutes, then wash off. Avocados and sour cream stimulate collagen and elastin. The lactic acid in sour cream helps exfoliate dead skin.
Almonds
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| Almonds are high in Biotin |
Almonds have a high Biotin content and they are supposed to make your hair grow faster and thicker. One cup contains nearly one-third of your daily requirement. You should be able to see the results in a month or two of adding them to your diet.
Spinach
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| Spinach produces oil that helps hair growth |
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Teotihuacán Pyramids
Did you know that Teotihuacán is the most visited active archaeological site in Mexico? There were 4,185,107 visitors in 2017. In the first half of the 1st millennium CE, Teotihuacán was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas, with a population estimated at 125,000 or more.
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| The pyramids all meet in the center on a road called the Avenue of the Dead |
Click on pictures to enlarge
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| Another view of the pyramid |
In 2004, the governor of Mexico state, Arturo Montiel, gave permission for Wal-Mart to build a large store in the third archaeological zone of the park. However, fragments of ancient pottery were found where the trucks dumped soil taken from the Teotihuacán site.
A light and sound show was installed recently. Critics say a large number of perforations have caused fractures in the stones and the damage is irreversible.
You can read more here:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/archaeology-and-history/archaeology/teotihuacan/
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Tips For Moving Day
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| Tips to pack your house on moving day |
1 - Plan ahead - start gathering boxes from local stores and when you see others putting them out in the trash. Check your local community board for people offering free boxes after their own move. The organization called Freecycle is a wonderful resource for services, news, used merchandise and stuff no one wants anymore but still has some value. The web address is www.freecycle.org Many cities and small communities have at least one Freecycle board.
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| Freecycle is a great free resource for useful items that you can't bring yourself to throw away AND to get free items for your home. |
2 - Recycle your moving boxes when you’re finished unpacking. You can offer your boxes to others who are moving soon by putting them on Freecycle, put up an index card on a local bulletin board (supermarket, community center) or you can flatten them to recycle in a cardboard disposal unit.
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| Give your moving boxes away or flatten them for recycling |
3 - Save your money by not buying bubble wrap. Instead, wrap your delicate items in bath and kitchen towels. After you move, toss them in the washer with some liquid fabric softener and you'll eliminate the smell of the moving boxes.
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| wrap dishes in bath towels |
4 - Use your travel luggage to pack your off-season clothing. That way you don't have to unpack them immediately; you can unpack them at your leisure. When you are moving bedroom furniture, don't pack your bed clothing either. Leave them in the drawers and either tape them shut or move the drawers separately.
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| Use luggage to transport clothes |
5 - Use your laundry baskets to move heavy bottles and boxes of liquid laundry soap, dish soap, and other cleaning products. This way when you unpack your cleaning products, you can see them at a glance.
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| Use laundry baskets to move your laundry detergents, fabric softeners and other bottles which will stand up very nicely. |
5a - As you are packing, don't move unnecessary items to your new home. Set aside what you want to donate or sell at yard sale. Now is the time to donate your outgrown clothing to Salvation Army or Goodwill and take a tax deduction.
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| Stay organized with labeling boxes |
6 - If you sold your home and are leaving it partly furnished, you might want to help your new owners by leaving some useful items for them. Otherwise, keep a list handy of what you want to sell at a yard sale and a separate list for donations. Many establishments will come to your residence and pick up furniture and clothing if they feel it is worth the trip. Make sure you get a receipt from the driver.
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| Donate to the Salvation Army and get receipts! |
7 - Forward all mail to your new residence. Be sure to fill out change of address cards. The post office keeps them on file for one year at which time you will have to fill out new ones if you haven't gotten all your mail rerouted yet. If you expect your move to be especially traumatic or hectic, you might want to ask your post office to hold your mail for a week so you can get settled in.
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| Change your address with post office about a week in advance |
8 - When you are changing locks in your new residence, consider having one key for all the doors and extra buildings (shed, garage, etc.). That's what we do at our home. This eliminates fishing through your key ring looking for the right key. You will have one key and never have to question what it is for.
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| Ask him to make all doors in the house to fit one key. It will eliminate carrying around multiple house keys. |
9 - If your present financial institution doesn't have a branch near your new residence, consider setting up your accounts at a new local bank. Order checks with your new address on it so when the bills come in, you are ready to pay them with your new checks.
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| Conduct your bank business about one week in advance |
10 - It might seem like a no brainer, but you are going to need cash money on hand. Go to the bank and withdraw at least $100 a day for the first week, so you can cover take out food, pay helpers and pay for incidentals so you aren't sharing your credit card information for small purchases.
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| Keep small amounts of cash for incidentals. This way you aren't spreading around your credit card information. |
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Interesting Facts About Gone With The Wind
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| The Novel Gone With The Wind by Margaret Mitchell |
While there were 1400 actresses who were interviewed, only 400 were actually chosen to perform readings for the part of Scarlett O'Hara.
The movie Gone With the Wind is a historical romance adapted from Margaret Mitchell’s novel which tells the story of the American Civil War and its aftermath from the viewpoint of a Southern family. It was directed by Victor Fleming and produced by David O. Selznick of Selznick International Pictures in 1939.
Producer David O Selznick knew this was going to be an epic movie for all time. Big movies were expensive, not just for the production but also for the salaries. He needed to spend his money on the best actors and actresses for each role.
Many actresses were screened for the role of Scarlett O'Hara because Selznick couldn’t decide who would be best to play Scarlett. With no actress signed to the role, he used a person to physically stand-in so he could start filming because the tremendous “Burning of Atlanta” scene was one of the first scenes to be filmed.
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| DVD version of Gone With The Wind |
Many actresses were screened for the role of Scarlett O'Hara because Selznick couldn’t decide who would be best to play Scarlett. With no actress signed to the role, he used a person to physically stand-in so he could start filming because the tremendous “Burning of Atlanta” scene was one of the first scenes to be filmed.
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| Vivien Leigh |
When the very popular Britsh actress Vivien Leigh expressed interest in the part, she was called for a screen test immediately. However, her British accent almost lost her the part when she gave her first informal reading. She had to hide the accent and learn how to talk with a Southern drawl in order to get the part.
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| Left to right, Vivien Leigh as Scarlett, Gone With The Wind Poster, Rhett Butler with Scarlett O'Hara, and Katherine Hepburn who was considered for the role of Scarlett |
When it was decided that Vivien Leigh was going to play Scarlett, the Ocala Florida chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy was greatly offended that a British actress had been chosen to play the role.
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| Katherine Hepburn |
However, when they found out that the role could have gone to a Yankee like Katharine Hepburn, as the only other actress given serious consideration, then they stopped their protest. They thought that it was better for Scarlett to be played by a British woman than by a Yankee!
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Oldest Stone Tools Discovered in Kenya
Long before humans walked the Earth, someone began chipping away at a rock by the side of a river. Eventually, this chipping formed the rock into a tool which was used to prepare meat and other foods.
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| 3.3 million-year-old artifacts predate human genus |
An analysis of the finding was published in the May 2015 edition of Nature Magazine and it said that 3.3 million years ago, before humans were on Earth, someone made a variety of tools by chipping away at a rock to form a sharp edge and used them as hammers and cutting instruments, as knives and spears to perform daily tasks and to prepare food.
It is the oldest set of stone tools ever discovered. Though it is unknown who made the tools, this archaeological find is the latest and most convincing evidence that toolmaking began before any humans ever walked the Earth.
Before this find, the earliest evidence of stone tools came from a 2.6-million-year-old site in Ethiopia. Evidence suggests that an early human ancestor called Homo habilis likely created the tools.
The common assumption has always been that as Africa’s climate changed around 2.8 million years ago, that early hominins became diversified and the Homo genus emerged —that is the species that would eventually produce modern humans.
As new environments developed, new food sources were found and there was a need to create tools to process those foods.
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| Excavations at the Lomekwi 3 site in 2012 |
149 artifacts that were eventually excavated from the site showed magnetic minerals and volcanic ash tufts embedded in the local rocks which dates the age of the stones at 3.3 million years.
Source: Smithsonianmag.com
Click the link below if you are interested in more history about this set of stone tools.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/oldest-known-stone-tools-unearthed-kenya-180955341/
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